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1.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ; : 24-24, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-880343

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND@#Smoking among Japanese adolescents has decreased noticeably. However, little is known whether the decreasing trend in adolescent smoking can be seen across all socioeconomic status (SES) groups. This study aimed to examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking among Japanese adolescents between 2008 and 2016.@*METHODS@#We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using data from three surveys of high school students in Okinawa, Japan, in 2008, 2012, and 2016. The study participants consisted of 7902 students in grades 10 through 12 (15-18 years). Smoking was assessed as current cigarette use. SES indicators included familial SES (parental education and family structure) and student's own SES (school type). To evaluate absolute and relative inequalities, prevalence differences (PDs) and ratios (PRs) between low and high SES groups were estimated. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were also calculated.@*RESULTS@#Smoking prevalence among boys and girls significantly declined from 11.5% and 6.2% in 2008 to 4.7% and 1.9% in 2016, respectively. Similar decreasing trends in smoking were found among most of the SES groups. The PDs and SII for parental education in boys and family structure in girls decreased over time while those for school type persisted among boys and girls. The PRs and RII for school type in boys increased while those for other SES indicators among both sexes remained stable over time.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Smoking among Japanese adolescents has been declining and time trends of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking varied by absolute and relative measures. Further policies and/or interventions to reduce smoking inequalities should focus on the context of schools, especially in vocational high schools.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , Japan , Prevalence , Socioeconomic Factors , Tobacco Smoking/epidemiology
2.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 134, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1145065

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of adolescents and young adults who were victims of sexual violence at some point in their lives and to compare the presence of depressive and anxious symptoms, quality of life, and use of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs among this population and those who were not abused. METHODS: Validated questionnaires and instruments were applied in a group of university students to assess: sexual profile and behavior, socioeconomic status, presence or not of sexual violence (Questionnaire on Exposure to Traumatizing Events), depressive (Beck Depression Inventory) and anxious symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory), quality of life (World Health Organization's Quality of Life Assessment) and the use or abuse of tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs (Smoking, Alcohol, and Substance Involvement Screening Test). RESULTS: Out of the 858 students who participated, 71 (8.3%) were victims of sexual violence, 52 girls (73.2%). In the victims of violence group there were more students who already had the first sexual intercourse (p = 0.029), students who already had become pregnant (p = 0.001), students with higher scores for depressive (p < 0.001) and anxious symptoms (p = 0.001), students with worse quality of life (p < 0.001), and who used more tobacco (p = 0.008) and marijuana (p = 0.025) as well as abused hypnotics or sedatives (p = 0.048) than in the non-victim group. CONCLUSION: The abuses are presented in several forms and affect, even in long term, the survivors' life. The sexual violence theme should be addressed and widely discussed in all spheres of society in order to mobilize, to sensitize, and provide society with knowledge, demystifying this subject and drawing attention to this important social issue.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência de adolescentes e adultos jovens que foram vítimas de violência sexual em algum momento da vida e comparar a presença de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos, qualidade de vida e uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas entre esta população e a que não sofreu abuso. MÉTODOS: Aplicaram-se questionários e instrumentos validados, em uma população de estudantes universitários, para avaliar: perfil e comportamento sexual, nível socioeconômico, presença ou não de violência sexual (Questionário sobre a Exposição a Eventos Traumatizantes), sintomas depressivos (Inventário de Depressão de Beck) e ansiosos (Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck), qualidade de vida (World Health Organization's Quality of Life Assessment) e o uso ou abuso de tabaco, álcool e drogas ilícitas (Teste para Triagem do Envolvimento com Fumo, Álcool e Outras Drogas). RESULTADOS: Dos 858 alunos que responderam à pesquisa, 71 (8,3%) foram vítimas de violência sexual, sendo 52 meninas (73,2%). No grupo vítima de abuso havia mais alunos que já tinham tido a coitarca (p = 0,029), alunas que já engravidaram (p = 0,001), estudantes com maiores escores para sintomas depressivos (p < 0,001) e ansiosos (p = 0,001), alunos com pior qualidade de vida (p < 0,001) e que usavam mais tabaco (p = 0,008) e maconha (p = 0,025) bem como abusavam de hipnóticos ou sedativos (p = 0,048) que no grupo não vítima. CONCLUSÃO: Os impactos causados pelo abuso são diversos e afetam, mesmo no longo prazo, a vida dos sobreviventes. Abordar o tema e o discutir, amplamente, em todas as esferas da sociedade é uma forma de mobilizar, sensibilizar e instrumentalizar o coletivo, desmistificando o assunto e chamando atenção para essa importante questão social.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Anxiety/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology , Sex Offenses/psychology , Students/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Alcohol-Related Disorders/psychology , Depression/psychology , Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology , Tobacco Smoking/psychology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Sex Offenses/statistics & numerical data , Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology , Child Abuse, Sexual/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Illicit Drugs , Surveys and Questionnaires , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Alcohol-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Depression/epidemiology , Tobacco Smoking/epidemiology
3.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 21(supl.1): e180019, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977713

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência da presença simultânea de comportamentos de risco à saúde bucal em adolescentes brasileiros e fatores associados. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados de 109.104 escolares provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). A presença simultânea de baixa frequência de escovação dentária (E), uso recente de cigarros (C), baixa frequência de ida ao dentista (D), baixo consumo de frutas (F) e alto consumo de alimentos que contêm açúcar adicionado (A) foi avaliada pela razão entre as prevalências observada e esperada (PO/PE). Regressão logística foi utilizada para avaliar a associação entre as combinações de comportamentos e as variáveis sociodemográficas e do contexto familiar. Resultados: A ocorrência de dois ou mais comportamentos de risco à saúde bucal foi de 60,40%. As combinações mais prevalentes com razão PO/PE acima de 1,20 foram EDF, CFA e EDFA. A chance de concentrar dois ou mais comportamentos foi maior para adolescentes sem supervisão familiar dos deveres de casa, de escolas públicas, do sexo masculino e das raças indígena ou amarela (odds ratio - OR > 1,00; p < 0,05). O nível de afluência familiar baixo atuou como risco para a combinação ECDFA (OR = 2,58; p = 0,009), enquanto para a combinação CFA os níveis médio e baixo atuaram como proteção (OR = 0,71; p < 0,001 e OR = 0,76; p = 0,011). Conclusão: A prevalência da presença simultânea de comportamentos de risco à saúde bucal foi baixa e associada negativamente a fatores sociodemográficos e do contexto familiar. Intervenções que busquem reduzir os comportamentos de risco em saúde bucal em adolescentes devem priorizar os grupos identificados.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To investigate the prevalence of simultaneous oral health risk behaviors and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: The study comprised data of 109,104 adolescents participating in the Brazilian National School-based Student Health Survey. The simultaneous presence of less frequent toothbrushing (E), current smoking (C), no visits to the dentist (D), low fruit intake (F), and high sugar intake (A) was assessed by comparison of observed/expected prevalence (OP/EP). Logistic regression was used to assess sociodemographic and family factors associated with the clustering patterns of oral health risk behaviors. Results: The simultaneous occurrence of two or more oral health risk behaviors was of 60.40%. The highest prevalence values were found for the following patterns with OP/EP over 1.20: EDF, CFA, and EDFA. The odds for two or more combined oral health risk behaviors were higher for adolescents whose parents did not participate in homework, from public schools, males, and of Asian or Indigenous ethnicity (OR > 1.00; p < 0.05). Low family affluence level (FAL) acted as a risk factor for the pattern ECDFA (OR = 2.58; p = 0.009), while low and mean FAL functioned as protection factors for the pattern CFA (OR = 0.71; p < 0.001, and OR = 0.76; p = 0.011). Conclusion: The prevalence of simultaneous oral health risk behaviors was low and negatively associated with sociodemographic and family factors. Interventions aiming at reducing these behavior patterns should prioritize the groups that have been identified as being at most risk.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Oral Health/statistics & numerical data , Health Surveys , Adolescent Behavior , Health Risk Behaviors , Parent-Child Relations , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Toothbrushing/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Candy , Carbonated Beverages , Attitude to Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Care , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Tobacco Smoking/epidemiology , Fruit
4.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 21(supl.1): e180004, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977709

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar o uso de substâncias psicoativas (tabaco, álcool e drogas ilícitas) em escolares em relação a fatores sociodemográficos, contexto familiar e saúde mental. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da amostra de 102.301 escolares do nono ano da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015. Realizou-se o cálculo da prevalência de uso de tabaco e de álcool nos últimos 30 dias e experimentação de drogas, segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, contexto familiar e saúde mental. Procedeu-se a análise univariada, por teste do χ2 de Pearson e cálculo das odds ratios (OR) não ajustadas. Por fim, realizou-se análise multivariada para cada desfecho com as variáveis que apresentaram associação com os desfechos (p < 0,20), calculando-se as OR ajustadas com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A prevalência de uso de tabaco foi de 5,6%; do uso de álcool, 23,8%; e da experimentação de drogas, 9,0%. A análise multivariada apontou que, no contexto familiar, morar com os pais, fazer refeição com pais ou responsável e a supervisão familiar foram associados a menor uso de substâncias; enquanto faltar às aulas sem consentimento dos pais aumentou a chance de uso. Maior chance do uso de substâncias esteve ainda associada a cor branca, aumento da idade, trabalhar, sentir-se solitário e ter insônia. Não ter amigos foi associado com uso de drogas e tabaco, porém foi protetor para o uso de álcool. Conclusões: A supervisão familiar foi protetora do uso de substâncias psicoativas em escolares brasileiros, enquanto trabalhar, sentir-se solitário e ter insônia aumentaram suas chances de uso.


ABSTRACT: Aim: To analyze the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs among schoolchildren according to demographic factors, family context and mental health. Methods: We used data from the National School-based Health Survey 2015 and included in the sample 102,301 schoolchildren in the 9th grade. We estimated the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use in the last 30 days and drug experimentation according to demographic, mental health and family context variables. Then, a bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson's χ2 test and the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) was calculated. Finally, we conducted a multivariate analysis including independent variables with an unadjusted association (p < 0.20), for each outcome, estimating the adjusted OR with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of tobacco consumption was 5.6%; alcohol consumption, 23.8%; and drug experimentation, 9.0%. Multivariate analysis has indicated that living with parents, having meals with parents or guardian, and family supervision were associated with lower substance consumption; whereas missing classes without parental consent has increased the chances of substance use. Increased chance of substance use was also associated with white skin color, increasing age, to work, feeling lonely and having insomnia. Not having friends was associated with drug and tobacco use, but this was protective for alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Family supervision was protective for psychoactive substance use among Brazilian schoolchildren, whereas work, loneliness and insomnia have increased their chances of use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Illicit Drugs , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Underage Drinking/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Smoking/epidemiology , Parent-Child Relations , Risk-Taking , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Mental Health/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Sex Distribution , Protective Factors , Underage Drinking , Tobacco Smoking/psychology
5.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 21(supl.1): e180006, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977701

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Identificar a frequência e os fatores associados ao uso de narguilé e outros produtos do tabaco entre os escolares brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar. A amostra foi composta por alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Foi realizada análise descritiva do uso de produtos do tabaco em 2012 e 2015. Para explorar a relação de fatores como características sociodemográficas, familiares, saúde mental e hábitos de vida com o uso de outros produtos do tabaco, foram calculados odds ratio ajustados. Resultados: O uso de outros produtos do tabaco aumentou de 4,8% (IC95% 4,6 - 5,0), em 2012, para 6,1% (IC95% 5,7 - 6,4), em 2015, com maior proporção em meninos. O narguilé foi o produto mais usado em 2015 (71,6%; IC95% 68,8 - 74,2), sendo mais frequente em meninas. Foram positivamente associados ao uso de outros produtos do tabaco: escola privada, morar com pai/mãe, trabalhar, não ter amigos, sofrer violência familiar, faltar às aulas, fazer uso de cigarros e álcool, ter experimentado drogas, já ter tido relação sexual, ter pais ou responsáveis fumantes e presenciar pessoas fumando. Os fatores de proteção foram: sexo feminino, incremento da idade, cor da pele parda ou indígena, fazer refeições com responsável, ter supervisão familiar e praticar atividade física. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o uso de outros produtos do tabaco foi elevado, com aumento nos últimos anos, destacando-se o narguilé. Torna-se importante a conscientização dos riscos e a vigilância do uso desses produtos, bem como o avanço das políticas públicas de controle do tabagismo no país.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To identify the frequency and factors associated with the use of waterpipe and other tobacco products among Brazilian students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the National Adolescent Student Health Survey. The sample consisted of 9th-grade students from elementary school. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the use of tobacco products in 2012 and 2015. To explore the relationship between the use of other tobacco products and factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, family, mental health, and life habits, we calculated the adjusted odds ratio. Results: The use of other tobacco products increased from 4.8% (95%CI 4.6 - 5.0) in 2012 to 6.1% (95%CI 5.7 - 6.4) in 2015, with a higher proportion among boys. Waterpipe was the most commonly used product in 2015 (71.6%; 95%CI 68.8 - 74.2), especially among girls. Factors positively associated with the use of other tobacco products were: attending private school, living with father/mother, working, not having friends, suffering domestic violence, skipping classes, consuming cigarettes and alcohol, experimenting drug, having had sex, having smoker parents or guardians, and seeing people smoking. The protective factors were: female gender, increasing age, multiracial or indigenous people, having meals with a guardian, family supervision, and practicing physical activity. Conclusion: The use of other tobacco products was high and has been increasing in recent years, particularly waterpipe. It is important to raise awareness of the risks and monitor the use of these products, as well as improve public policies of tobacco control in the country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Tobacco Products/statistics & numerical data , Water Pipe Smoking/epidemiology , Tobacco Smoking/epidemiology , Parent-Child Relations , Socioeconomic Factors , Students , Brazil/epidemiology , Exercise/psychology , Mental Health/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Protective Factors
6.
Ann. afr. méd. (En ligne) ; 1(3): 31-39, 2008.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1259079

ABSTRACT

Objectifs : Evaluer la prevalence du tabagisme chez l'adolescent et en identifier les facteurs determinants. Methode : Il s'agit d'une enquete transversale realisee d'octobre 2005 a Aout 2006 dans les sept arrondissements de Brazzaville (Congo). L'echantillonnage s'est effectue selon la methode de sondage en grappes a partir des sept arrondissements de Brazzaville. Resultats : 4135 adolescents de cette etude; 444 d'entre eux soit 10;3fumaient. La consommation de tabac apparaissait significativement elevee chez les garcons que chez les filles (p0;01); chez les 15-19 ans que chez les 10-14 ans (p0;001); chez les non scolarises (p0;05); en l'absence de pratique religieuse (p0;01); et chez les adolescents issus de familles nulli et monoparentales. En revanche; il n'existait pas de difference significative entre les adolescents fumeurs ayant une activite sportive (42;6) et les autres (57;4). Enfin; parmi ces adolescents; 65fumaient moins de 5 cigarettes par jour et 3plus de 20 cigarettes. Conclusion : Malgre une prevalence inferieure a celle observee dans les pays temperes; le tabagisme a Brazzaville merite une attention particuliere; en raison du risque potentiel d'aggravation


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Socioeconomic Factors , Tobacco Smoking/epidemiology
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